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This is a level of persistent information that the planet has never seen before.

PERSISTENT MONITORING WITH DARREN MUFF

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Truly effective change detection requires persistent monitoring. ICEYE's large constellation of new space satellites unlocks new access to valuable data on any location on Earth – day and night, through the clouds, and multiple times per day.

 

ICEYE Persistent Monitoring

The Technology by Darren Muff

A FORENSIC LEVEL OF PERSISTENT INFORMATION

If you want to be able to track changes to any location on the globe in minutes, hours or a few days. That’s exactly what ICEYE does.

A key requirement that’s been missing from earth observation is being able to track changes very quickly and very often. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) allows you see in any weather, day or night. But if you want to be able to track changes to any location on the globe in minutes, hours or a few days, you need a constellation of satellites that are small and affordable enough to enable persistent monitoring that can be quickly activated, flexibly maneuvered and that can deliver the right information at the right time. That’s exactly what ICEYE does.

To me it’s like how detectives worked in the 20th century. With traditional police work, you go around and talk to people and look at things. Then amazing scientific inventions like fingerprinting and DNA analysis came along and allowed us to suddenly understand much more than meets the eye. Until now we’ve been looking at things on the ground and trying to understand what we’re seeing. With radar, we can exploit things that change over time or frequency. And by using the computer to compare microphase changes within the image pixels, we can identify changes in between observations and beyond human sight. It’s an almost forensic level of persistent information that’s unlike anything the world has ever seen before.
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This is an ICEYE SAR image of the Oroville Dam, California, US. By monitoring a dam on a regular basis, you can get information about slight subsistence and ground eruption around the dam and potentially get an early indication if the dam is going to fail.

DAILY IMAGES OF THE GROUND TAKEN FORM THE SAME LOCATION IN SPACE

SAR satellites are designed for change detection. Images taken from the same location with the same geometry are always identical unless something changes. The challenge until now has been collecting radar images of the same exact location that are close enough together in time to truly detect – and ultimately predict – changes happening on the Earth’s surface.

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MADE FOR CHANGE DETECTION

If we’re able to image a location on the planet from a very precise imaging geometry within very short intervals, we can compare the image data and the raw phase information inside the information to unlock unprecedented levels of scientific information. And that’s what ICEYE is doing by delivering Daily Coherent Ground Track Repeat capability. The trick is enabling a satellite to image a location on Earth every day from the same imaging geometry.

There’s an amazing balance of physics where the amount of time it takes a satellite to go around the earth is a function of its altitude. ICEYE’s ion engines gives us the phenomenal capability to adjust the altitude so that each satellite orbits the Earth exactly 15 times in 24 hours. So an ICEYE satellite can image the exact same point on the ground every day – rain or shine, day and night. And because our satellites are less than 100 kg, we’re able to have many of them doing Daily Coherent Ground Track Repeats of the same locations across the globe. This enables a level of scientific data exploitation that’s never been possible.


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RGB Color Composite image of flooding in La Lima, Honduras. This three image color composite shows the flood situation in the surrounding areas of La Lima, Honduras, on November 18th, 19th, and 20th. The three image color composite illustrates the flood (blue) and probable levee or riverbank breach locations (red).

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WELCOME TO A NEW AGE OF SAR WITH SPOT, STRIP AND SCAN MODES

ICEYE's antenna design is truly unique. It's an electronically-steered phased array that we can control with software. By controlling when the radiation is illuminated from the front of the antenna, we can make the beam point in different directions.

Strip Mode illuminates and collects long SAR image strips parallel to the flight direction, which enables long collections. With Spot Mode, we can continuously point the antenna at an individual location on the ground and massively increase the resolution of what we’re looking at. The really cool bit is when we first use the mechanical agility of the antenna to focus on a point and then use our electronic beam steering ability to image in Scan Mode, where we can point at something on the ground and elevate the beam to cover an area as large as 100 km by 100 km, which is unprecedented for a small satellite.

Now we can also use an even wider area and Strip or Spot Mode to support multiple customers and requirements in a single satellite pass. We’re going from taking images though clouds and at night to a completely new way of doing electromagnetic sensing of the ground.

IMAGE MODES

Spot imaging mode - default

SPOT MODE

The finest resolution available for detailed monitoring and extensive insights. Best for object identification millimeter-level change detection.

Stripe imaging mode - default

STRIP MODE

Medium imaging mode with extraordinary versatility due to high coverage and resolution. Developed for object detection, understanding the wider context and environmental monitoring.

Scan imaging mode - default

SCAN MODE

Enables monitoring of vast sea and land areas of up to 10,000 km2 in a single image. It’s the right choice for maritime monitoring and oil spill detection in wide locations that are difficult to access.

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This image is an ICEYE demonstration of 400 km by 100 km Scan mode imaging, acquired around the time the vessel Ever Given was released from its recent predicament, with marine traffic still queuing for their turn to pass through the Suez Canal. This 40,000 km² image covers an area of over 1500 individual Spot images.

MEET DARREN

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Senior SAR Product Engineer, ICEYE

Darren Muff

Dr. Darren Muff is a well-known and widely-respected physicist who’s spent the past 30 years working in the field of satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Since joining ICEYE in 2019, he’s been in charge of SAR processing algorithms and advanced signal processing techniques. The work he does enables ICEYE to explore novel SAR modes and image formation techniques, progressively moving ICEYE beyond today’s conventional Earth observation technologies. Before ICEYE, Darren has done pioneering work in a range of research, advisory and tactical positions in defence and intelligence – both at home in the UK and in the US.

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WORLD'S FIRST

ICEYE is the first to achieve Daily Coherent Ground Track Repeat capability which enables change detection every day, with a very high precision.


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